When I log in with orgadmin I can see the shared and published catalogs:
GET https://<ip>/api/query?type=catalog&fields=name,isShared,isPublished
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<QueryResultRecords...>
...
<CatalogRecord name="cat_1" isShared="false" isPublished="false"/>
<CatalogRecord name="cat_2" isShared="false" isPublished="false"/>
<CatalogRecord name="shared_catalog" isShared="true" isPublished="false"/>
<CatalogRecord name="published_catalog" isShared="false" isPublished="true"/>
</QueryResultRecords>
If you publish catalog instead of sharing it make sure that your user has the "View Published Catalogs" right.